Universitas

Universitas no sambua nifasindro tobali same'e famahaö awö wamalua fangosili ilmiah ba same'e töi wa'atua-tua (li Indonesia "gelar" ma li Inggris "degree"). Ena'ö lasöndra döi andrö niha, si lötolalö'ö no la'awalisi fefu wamahaö si no muhonogöi, ba no göi möna ira ba wamareso safuria. Sito'ölönia so dombua wamareso safuria andre: so nifotöi famareso (li Indonesia "ujian", li Inggris "exam") ba so wombelegö sambua zura sanau nifotöi "skripsi" (ba wanöndra töi "sarjana") ma zui "tesis" (ba wanöndra töi "doktor").

Töi universitas tehalö moroi ba li Latin "universitas magistrorum et scholarium" eluahania ambö töra fa'awösa ndra guru ba ere wangosili.

Universitas si föföna sibai simane ni'ilada ma'ökhö lafasindro ba Eropa ira biarawan^[1] Gereja Katolik.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Töi universitas nifasindro me 1088 andrö ya'ia Università di Bologna (Universitas Bologna) ba kota Bologna, Italia. Lafotöi ia sindruhu universitas si föföna börö me:

Ya'ia zame'e döi wa'atua-tua simane ni'ilada ma'ökhö (li Indonesia "gelar", li Inggris "degree").
Lö so ia barö wamatörö Gereja (eluahania mamatörö samösa ia ma "independen" ba li Indonesia), heŵa'ae so ba gotalua ndra guru khönia ndra ere.
I'oguna'ö wehede universitas ba wamasindro ya'ia.
Ibe'e döi wa'atua-tua he töi sekular, eluahania si lö fakhai ba agama, ba he göi töi si fakhai ba agama: bahasa, retorika, logika, teologi, huku Gereja, huku notaris.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

So dombua universitas ba Danö Niha, ya'ia Universitas Nias Raya (UNIRAYA) ba Telukdalam awö Universitas Nias (UNIAS) ba Gunungsitoli.

Ba Indonesia tefaböbö universitas ba fefu ngawalö zekola salaŵa nifotöi Perguruan Tinggi. Baero universitas fao ba da'ö ngawalö zekola salaŵa bö'ö simane akademi, institut, politeknik ba sekolah tinggi.

Bakha ba universitas so ngawalö fakultas, same famahaö molo'ö bolo wamahaö si no muhonogöi, duma-dumania ba Fakultas Pertanian tebe'e wamahaö ba fefu zi fakhai ba wohalöŵö ba danö, ba Fakultas Kedokteran tebe'e fefu wamahaö si fakhai ba ngawalö wökhö ba lala wamadöhö ya'ia.^[12]^[13]

Me 2015 so 3.255 universitas ba Indonesia, so 121 universitas negeri (okhöta negara) ba 3.104 universitas swasta (okhöta niha sato).^[14]

Umbu

↑ Lafotöi biarawan niha si fao ba wa'awösa fa'alowalangi, same'e fa'aurinia khö Keriso, irege laröi wa'auri fongambatösa.
↑ Den Heijer, Alexandra (2011). Managing the University Campus: Information to Support Real Estate Decisions. Academische Uitgeverij Eburon. ISBN 9789059724877. Many of the medieval universities in Western Europe were born under the aegis of the Catholic Church, usually as cathedral schools or by papal bull as Studia Generali.
↑ A. Lamport, Mark (2015). Encyclopedia of Christian Education. Rowman & Littlefield. hlm. 484. ISBN 9780810884939. All the great European universities-Oxford, to Paris, to Cologne, to Prague, to Bologna—were established with close ties to the Church.
↑ B M. Leonard, Thomas (2013). Encyclopedia of the Developing World. Routledge. hlm. 1369. ISBN 9781135205157. Europe established schools in association with their cathedrals to educate priests, and from these emerged eventually the first universities of Europe, which began forming in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
↑ Gavroglu, Kostas (2015). Sciences in the Universities of Europe, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Academic Landscapes. Springer. hlm. 302. ISBN 9789401796361.
↑ GA. Dawson, Patricia (2015). First Peoples of the Americas and the European Age of Exploration. Cavendish Square Publishing. hlm. 103. ISBN 9781502606853.
↑ "The University from the 12th to the 20th century - University of Bologna". www.unibo.it. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 5 April 2021. Mufaigi me 23 March 2021.
↑ Top Universities Archived 17 Januari 2009 at the Wayback Machine World University Rankings Retrieved 6 January 2010
↑ Paul L. Gaston (2010). The Challenge of Bologna. Stylus. hlm. 18. ISBN 978-1-57922-366-3. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 10 March 2021. Mufaigi me 7 July 2016.
↑ Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, ISBN: 0-7864-3462-7, p. 55f.
↑ de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde: A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1, Universities in the Middle Ages Archived 13 Desember 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN: 0-521-36105-2, pp. 47–55
↑ Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 1989 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional
↑ "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional" (PDF). Arsip moroi versi asli (PDF) irugi 2011-05-13. Mufaigi me 09/09/2011.
↑ "Badan Pusat Statistik". www.bps.go.id (ba li Inggris). Mufaigi me 20/05/2018.

[1] Lafotöi biarawan niha si fao ba wa'awösa fa'alowalangi, same'e fa'aurinia khö Keriso, irege laröi wa'auri fongambatösa.

[2] Den Heijer, Alexandra (2011). Managing the University Campus: Information to Support Real Estate Decisions. Academische Uitgeverij Eburon. ISBN 9789059724877. Many of the medieval universities in Western Europe were born under the aegis of the Catholic Church, usually as cathedral schools or by papal bull as Studia Generali.

[3] A. Lamport, Mark (2015). Encyclopedia of Christian Education. Rowman & Littlefield. hlm. 484. ISBN 9780810884939. All the great European universities-Oxford, to Paris, to Cologne, to Prague, to Bologna—were established with close ties to the Church.

[4] B M. Leonard, Thomas (2013). Encyclopedia of the Developing World. Routledge. hlm. 1369. ISBN 9781135205157. Europe established schools in association with their cathedrals to educate priests, and from these emerged eventually the first universities of Europe, which began forming in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.

[5] Gavroglu, Kostas (2015). Sciences in the Universities of Europe, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Academic Landscapes. Springer. hlm. 302. ISBN 9789401796361.

[6] GA. Dawson, Patricia (2015). First Peoples of the Americas and the European Age of Exploration. Cavendish Square Publishing. hlm. 103. ISBN 9781502606853.

[7] "The University from the 12th to the 20th century - University of Bologna". www.unibo.it. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 5 April 2021. Mufaigi me 23 March 2021.

[8] Top Universities Archived 17 Januari 2009 at the Wayback Machine World University Rankings Retrieved 6 January 2010

[9] Paul L. Gaston (2010). The Challenge of Bologna. Stylus. hlm. 18. ISBN 978-1-57922-366-3. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 10 March 2021. Mufaigi me 7 July 2016.

[Hunt_Janin_2008-10] Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, ISBN: 0-7864-3462-7, p. 55f.

[Ridder-Symoens_1992-11] Ridder-Symoens, Hilde: A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1, Universities in the Middle Ages Archived 13 Desember 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN: 0-521-36105-2, pp. 47–55

[12] Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 1989 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional

[13] "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional" (PDF). Arsip moroi versi asli (PDF) irugi 2011-05-13. Mufaigi me 09/09/2011.

[14] "Badan Pusat Statistik". www.bps.go.id (ba li Inggris). Mufaigi me 20/05/2018.

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