Yesu
Yesu (★ ambö töra 6–4 föna Keriso, † 30/33), asese göi latötöi ia Yesu Keriso ma Yesu moroi ba Nazareta, ba oya döi tanöbö'ö, no samösa niha Yahudi sangombakha ba sondrönia'ö ba agama, sauri ba ngaotu ndröfia sisara.[6] Ya'ia zi tobali tuho agama Niha Keriso, agama fondrege ebua ba gulidanö. Ato Niha Keriso si faduhu tödö wa Yesu andrö Lowalangi si no tobali niha[7] ba mesia, si no tefabu'u bakha ba Gamabu'ulali Siföföna.
| Yesu | |
|---|---|
 Gambara Yesu Samatörö Hadia Ia Fefu (Pantocrator) nifazökhi me ngaotu ndröfia si-6, si so iada'a ba biara Santa Katarina ba Hili Sina'i, Mesir | |
| Tumbu | ambö töra 6–4 föna Keriso Amatöröŵa Herodes, Amatöröŵa Roma[1] |
| Mate | 30 ma 33 (33 ma 38 fakhe) Yerusalema, Yudaia, Amatöröŵa Roma |
| Börö wa'amate | Famoröfa[a] |
| Tehöngö ia börö | Hunö wamati Niha Keriso Sama'ele'ö Sebua bakha ba Islam |
| Satua | |
Arakhagö fefu gere wangosili ma'ökhö, sangosili ngawalö zura si otarai ba ginötö föna, fao dödöra wa no irai auri Yesu.[c] So tesöndra waö-waö wa'auri Yesu bakha ba zura Turia Somuso Dödö, töra-töra sura nifotöi Injil si so bakha ba mbuku Gamabu'ulali Sibohou. No oya mufalua wangosili sanandrösa ba hadia ahatö khö Yesu sauri duria nisura bakha ba Injil.[15][d][18][19] Laboto Yesu me 8 ngaluo ndröfinia, itema wanasa moroi khö Yohane Same'e Fanasa me awuyu-wuyu ia nasa, ba aefa itörö wuasö awö famoni si 40 ngaluo wa'ara ba danö simate, ibörötaigö halöŵö fa'alowalangi. I'anöröi mbanu-banua misa ba wanuriagö turia fa'alowalangi, ba andrö asese lakaoni khönia guru (rabbi).[20] Asese göi fabu'a li Yesu khö ndra niha Yahudi sanandrösa ba hadia zabölö fagöna ba wolo'ö khö Lowalangi, ifadöhö wökhö, ifahaö niha faoma amaedola, i'owuloi niha solo'ö khönia, ba gotaluara ira nifahaö si-12. Lara'u ia ba Yerusalema ba lafareso ia ira sondrönia'ö khö niha Yahudi,[21] latou'ö ia khö wamatörö Roma samatörö tanö me luo da'ö, ba laforöfa ia molo'ö gangetula Fondrio Filato, si tobali gubernur provinsi Yudea me luo da'ö. Aefa wa'amatenia, faduhu dödö ndra solo'ö khönia wa no maoso ia moroi ba gotalua zimate, ba aefa manahae ia ba zorugo, tobali ndra solohi khönia andre angowuloa ndra Niha Keriso si föföna, si muzawili ba zi sagörö ulidanö.[22] Lafa'ema waö-waö wa'aurinia ba nga'ötöra mitou faoma nidunö-dunö (nifotöi tradisi oral), si tobali dania dane-dane ni'oguna'ö ba wanura Injil.[23]
Fao ba teologi Niha Keriso wamati wa te'adonogö Yesu moroi khö Geheha Ni'amoni'ö, ni'adonogö Maria me lö nasa faruka ia ba ndramatua, wa ifazökhi dandra sahöli-höli tödö Yesu, wa ya'ia zamasindro Gereja Niha Keriso, wa mate ia ba röfa tobali fangöhöli horö, wa maoso ia moroi ba gotalua zimate ba manahae ia ba zorugo, heza mangawuli ia dania. To'ölö faduhu dödö ndra Niha Keriso wa no ifolala Yesu, irege tola mangatulö niha khö Lowalangi. Ifaduhu'ö Tuho Wamati nifa'anö ba Nikea wa edöna ihuku niha Yesu, he sauri ba he simate, föna ma zui aefa wanusugi boto, salua ba ginötö mangawuli Yesiu dania simane nifakhoi bakha ba teologi afuriata danö (to'ölö latötöi ia bakha ba teologi eskatologia).[24] Arakhagö fefu Niha Keriso, lasuno Yesu, Lowalangi si no tobali niha ba lafotöi Ono Lowalangi, samösa moroi ba Lowalangi si tölu (trinitas).[e] Ero röfi la'owasaini wa'atumbu Yesu, sito'ölönia ba 25 Desember,[f] nifotöi luo Natal. Latörö-tödö wamoröfania ba Luo Zumaha Ni'amoni'ö ba femaosonia moroi ba gotalua zimate ba Luo Paska. Surambaŵa fondrege oya te'oguna'ö ba zi sagörö ulidanö iada'a, ya'ia na taŵaö döfi 2024, no lafotöi ia surambaŵa Keriso (li Indonesia: Masehi, li Inggris: CE (Common Era)), börö me te'erai ia moroi ba ginötö wa'atumbu Yesu Keriso, ambö töra.[25]
Lafolakhömi göi Yesu bakha ba agama Islam, Baha'i, ba ba agama Druze. Latötöi Yesus bakha ba agama Islam molo'ö töinia bakha ba zura Alquran ya'ia da'ö Isa, heza tetema'ö wa Yesu samösa no sama'ele'ö ba mesia, sedöna mangawuli dania fatua lö alua wanguhuku. Faduhu dödö ndra niha Islam wa tumbu Yesu moroi khö Maria, me lö nasa faruka Maria ba ndramatua (li Indonesia: perawan), bahiza lö latema wa Yesu andrö no Lowalangi ma zui Ono Lowalangi. Lö göi faduhu dödö arakhagö fefu niha Islam wa no mate Yesu ba röfa, bahiza wa no i'ohe Yesu ba zorugo Lowalangi fatua auri Yesu nasa.[g] Fabö'ö göi molo'ö ndra niha Yahudi. Lö faduhu dödöra wa Yesu andrö mesia, börö me lö nifönuinia zura ndra sama'ele'ö, lö nibayoini ia molo'ö hada ndra niha Yahudi, lö simaoso ia moroi ba gotalua zimate, ba tenga Lowalangi ia.
Töi
bulö'ö
Fame'e töi si fao tödö ato niha
bulö'öBa ginötö Yesu ha sambua döi samösa niha Yahudi, heŵa'ae itaria lafaogö göi döi simane "ono [töi namania]" ma zui töi mbanuania.[26] Börö da'ö to'ölö lakaoni Yesu bakha ba Gamabu'ulali Sibohou "Yesu moroi ba Nazareta". Lakaoni Yesu ira si faola omo khönia "tuka geu, ono Maria ba talifusö Yakobo awö Yose ba Yuda ba Simoni", "ono tuka geu" ma "ono Yosefo"; bakha ba Injil Yohane ikaoni ia Filifo "Yesu ono Yosefo moroi ba Nazareta".
Etimologi
bulö'öBa li Niha tefo'eluaha döi Yesu moroi ba li Yunani Iēsous, nifo'eluaha göi moroi ba döi Yosua (li Ibrani Yehoshua, furi hö Yeshua), sambua töi sasese tebe'e ba töi niha ba danö Yudaia ba ginötö Yesu. Ato niha samo'eluaha döi Yehoshua ba Yeshua faoma "mangorifi" ba "fangorifi".[27] Iŵa'ö Injil Mataio wa oroma mala'ika khö Yosefo sanguma'ö khönia ena'ö "ibe'e töinia Yesu, börö me i'orifi dania mbanuania moroi ba horöra".[28]
Yesu Keriso
bulö'öI'otarai götö si föföna Niha Keriso, to'ölö latötöi Yesu ira Niha Keriso faoma "Yesu Keriso".[29] Keriso no tenga töi nifatörö zatua ndraono bahiza sambua töi sebua (nifotöi gelar ba li Indonesia).[30][31] Lahalö ia moroi ba li Yunani Χριστός (Christos),[32][33] nifo'eluaha moroi ba li Ibrani mashiakh (משיח) eluahania "nibayoini", ba ba Zura Ni'amoni'ö ba li Niha "mesia".[34] Bakha ba Zura Ni'amoni'ö, te'oguna'ö wanikha ni'amoni'ö ba wombayoini niha ma zui gama-gama si fahöna fa'alowalangi si no tobali föfö ngawalö halöŵö ba agama khöra.[35]
Ba ginötö da'ö lafotöi Yesu "Keriso" ira Niha Keriso börö me faduhu dödöra wa mesia ia, fe'asonia no tefabu'u bakha ba zura Gamabu'ulali Siföföna. Furi hö töi Keriso awö töi "Yesu" tobali sambua "Yesu Keriso". Lakaoni Niha Keriso niha solohi khönia i'otarai ngaotu ndröfia sisara.[36]
Fa'auri ba famahaönia
bulö'öMolo'ö Injil kanonik
bulö'ö
Injil kanonik[37] si öfa ngawua (Mataio, Mareko, Luka ba Yohane) no tuho gumbu heza tehalö waö-waö wa'auri ba fangombakha Yesu.[26] Bahiza so göi nahia bö'ö bakha ba zura Gamabu'ulali Sibohou sanutunö moroi ba wa'aurinia, simane Femanga Safuria bakha ba KorI 11:23-26.[38][39][40][41] Itutunö göi Halöŵö Zinenge bakha ba 10:37-38 ba ba 19:4 zanandrösa ba halöŵö si föföna Yesu ba Yohane Same'e Fanasa sombalo-baloi halöŵö andrö.[42][43][6] Itutunö HalZin 1:1-11 (inönö göi ba TimI 3:16) zanandrösa ba wanahae Yesu töra moroi ba nitutunö Injil si öfa.[44] Bakha ba ngawalö zura Waulo, nisura föna wanura Injil, tesöndra mato ha'uga wehede ma fanuturu Yesu.[45][h]
Khö ndra mato ha'uga gangowuloa Niha Keriso siföföna so nidunö-dunö sanandrösa ba wa'auri ba famahaö Yesu si lö tesöndra bakha ba zura Gamabu'ulali Sibohou. Fao ba da'ö nifotöi injil Toma, injil Wetero, sura nibini'ö Yakobo, ba sura nibini'ö tanöbö'ö. Molo'ö ndra sangosili sato ngawalö zura andre tesura ara aefa ginötö ndra nifahaö Yesu ba nitutunö bakha khönia ambö faduhu dödöda moroi ba nitutunö Injil si öfa.[48][49][50]
Awena irugi da'a wo'ali ba li Niha. Höndrögö Bulö'ö kode ba wamaigi teks asli ba li Inggris. Tolo Wikipedia ba wanohugö wo'ali ya'ia na so ginötöu.
Sanura, inötö tesura ba hadia tola faduhu dödöda ia
bulö'öFama'oli ba ösi
bulö'öNga'ötö ba fa'atumbu
bulö'öFa'a'iraono, ösi nomo ba halöŵö
bulö'öFanasa ba fanandraigö
bulö'öFa'a'enoni ba zato
bulö'öNifahaö ba solohi
bulö'öFamahaö ba tandra sahöli-höli dödö
bulö'öFangombakha wa Keriso ba famolakhömi ba hili
bulö'öMigu ni'amoni'ö
bulö'öNilau ba Yerusalema
bulö'öFemanga Safuria
bulö'öFa'ata'u ba kabu, femanga mböli ba fondra'u
bulö'öFanguhuku ndra ere, Herode ba Filato
bulö'öFamoröfa ba fogo'o
bulö'öFemaoso ba fanahae
bulö'öGötö Niha Keriso siföföna
bulö'öSinöndra molo'ö sejarah
bulö'öYudaia ba Galilaia ba ngaotu ndröfia sisara
bulö'öUmbu
bulö'öSalua molo'ö angolifa ginötö
bulö'öHadia sindruhu alua
bulö'öÖsi nomo
bulö'öFanasa
bulö'öFe'amöi enoni ba Galilaia
bulö'öHalöŵö (peran)
bulö'öFasa ba famoröfa ba Yerusalema
bulö'öAefa wamoröfa
bulö'öFogambambaraini Yesu
bulö'öLi, soi ba khala-khala
bulö'öTeori mitos Keriso
bulö'öSöndra moroi ba agama
bulö'öNiha Keriso
bulö'öYahudi
bulö'öManikeis
bulö'öIslam
bulö'öAhmadiyah
bulö'öDruze
bulö'öBaha'i
bulö'öTanöbö'ö
bulö'öFangoroma'ö ba gambara
bulö'öFöfö gamatela
bulö'öFamatokhi
bulö'ö- ↑ James Dunn writes that the baptism and crucifixion of Jesus "command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus.[2] Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him.[3] John Dominic Crossan and Richard G. Watts state that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be.[4] Paul R. Eddy and Gregory A. Boyd say that non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus is now "firmly established".[5]
- ↑ Traditionally, Christians believe that Mary conceived her son miraculously by the agency of the Holy Spirit. Muslims believe that she conceived her son miraculously by the command of God. Joseph was from these perspectives and according to the canonical gospels the acting adoptive father of Jesus.
- ↑ Me ifurugö fefu mbua wangosili ba ndröfi 2011, isura Bart Ehrman, "He certainly existed, as virtually every competent scholar of antiquity, Christian or non-Christian, agrees."[8] Iŵa'ö Richard A. Burridge: "Sö wösa zanguma'ö wa ha so Yesu andrö bakha ba wangera-ngera Gereja, wa sindruhunia lö irai auri niha sotöi Yesu. Bahiza lötolalö'ö umane, wa lö ni'ilagu samösa gere wangosili sindruhu sanguma'ö simanö da'ö sa'ae."[9] Lö faduhu dödö Robert M. Price wa no irai auri Yesu, bahiza fao dödönia wa fabali toyo da'a ba wangi'ila arakhagö fefu gere wangosili.[10] Iŵa'ö teologo James D. G. Dunn wa teori sanguma'ö lö irai so Yesu no sambua söndra si no mate.[11] Isura Michael Grant (samösa gere sangosili ngawalö zura föna) me 1977, "Ha'uga fakhe ba gafuriata andre, 'lö samösa gere wangosili sindruhu sanohugö teori wa lö sauri Yesu' ba na so atö ira, lö khöra börö sabölö aro."[12] Ifa'ele'ö Robert E. Van Voorst wa molo'ö ndra ere Zura Ni'amoni'ö awö gere sangosili ngawalö zura föna, teori wa lö irai so Yesu no si lö balö.[13] Bakha ba zinurara ba The Daily Beast, laŵa'ö ira Candida Moss awö Joel Baden wa "so wahasara dödö ba gotalua ndra ere Zura Ni'amoni'ö — silö'ö-lö'önia ira ere sindruhu — wa sindruhu no irai auri Yesu."[14]
- ↑ Ehrman writes: "The notion that the Gospel accounts are not completely accurate but still important for the religious truths they try to convey is widely shared in the scholarly world, even though it's not so widely known or believed outside of it."[16]
Sanders writes: "The earliest Christians did not write a narrative of Jesus' life, but rather made use of, and thus preserved, individual units—short passages about his words and deeds. These units were later moved and arranged by authors and editors. ... Some material has been revised and some created by early Christians."[17] - ↑ A small minority of Christian denominations reject trinitarianism, wholly or partly, as non-scriptural.
- ↑ So ösa ba gotalua Gereja Timur zangowasaini fa'atumbu Yesu ba 25 Desember bakha ba kalender Yulian, sifaudu ba 7 Januari ba kalender Gregorian ni'o'öda ba Indonesia. Oya negara sangowasaini fa'atumbu Yesu ba 24 Desember.
- ↑ Ba ngahönö ndröfia so ösa niha Islam si faduhu tödö wa no teforöfa Yesu, simanö göi ndra niha Islam si tefaböbö ba sekte Ahmadiyah
- ↑ Isura Powell: "Ba zi ha'uga nahia, sindruhu isura tou ha'uga wehede ba fanuturu Yesu Faulo,[46] bahiza oroma wa lö ibe'e-tödönia Waulo wanura rincian wa'auri ba fohalöŵö Yesu ba gulidanö."[47]
Umbu
bulö'öTaroma wehede
bulö'ö- ↑ Brown 1977, hlm. 513.
- ↑ Dunn 2003, hlm. 339.
- ↑ Ehrman 1999, hlm. 101.
- ↑ Crossan & Watts 1999, hlm. 96.
- ↑ Eddy & Boyd 2007, hlm. 173.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Vermes 1981, hlm. 20, 26, 27, 29.
- ↑ Bakha ba teologi lafotöi wa'atobali niha Lowalangi andre inkarnasi
- ↑ Ehrman 2011, hlm. 285.
- ↑ Burridge, Richard A.; Gould, Graham (2004). Jesus Now and Then. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 34. ISBN 978-0-8028-0977-3.
- ↑ Price, Robert M. (2009). "Jesus at the Vanishing Point". Bakha Beilby, James K.; Eddy, Paul R. The Historical Jesus: Five Views. InterVarsity. hlm. 55, 61. ISBN 978-0-8308-7853-6. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 7 September 2015. Mufaigi me 14 August 2015.
- ↑ Sykes, Stephen W. (2007). "Paul's understanding of the death of Jesus". Sacrifice and Redemption. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 35–36. ISBN 978-0-521-04460-8.
- ↑ Grant, Michael (1977). Jesus: An Historian's Review of the Gospels. Scribner's. hlm. 200. ISBN 978-0-684-14889-2.
- ↑ Van Voorst 2000, hlm. 16.
- ↑ Baden, Candida Moss (5 October 2014). "So-Called 'Biblical Scholar' Says Jesus a Made-Up Myth". The Daily Beast. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 5 December 2021. Mufaigi me 14 July 2021.
- ↑ Powell 1998, hlm. 168–73.
- ↑ Bart D. Ehrman. Historical Jesus. 'Prophet of the New Millennium'. Archived 23 Januari 2019 at the Wayback Machine Course handbook, p. 10 (Lecture Three. V. B.) The Teaching Company, 2000, Lecture 24
- ↑ Sanders 1993, hlm. 57.
- ↑ Komoszewski, J. Ed; Bock, Darrell, ed. (2019). Jesus, Skepticism & The Problem of History: Criteria and Context in the Study of Christian Origins. Zondervan Academic. hlm. 22–23. ISBN 9780310534761.
...a considerable number of specific facts about Jesus are so well supported historically as to be widely acknowledged by most scholars, whether Christian (of any stripe) or not:...(lists 18 points)...Nevertheless, what can be known about Jesus with a high degree of confidence, apart from theological or ideological agendas, is perhaps surprisingly robust.
- ↑ Craig Evans, "Life-of-Jesus Research and the Eclipse of Mythology," Theological Studies 54 (1993) pp. 13–14 "First, the New Testament Gospels are now viewed as useful, if not essentially reliable, historical sources. Gone is the extreme skepticism that for so many years dominated gospel research. Representative of many is the position of E. P. Sanders and Marcus Borg, who have concluded that it is possible to recover a fairly reliable picture of the historical Jesus."
- ↑ Orr, James, ed. (1939). "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online". Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 17 August 2016. Mufaigi me 30 July 2016.
- ↑ Sanders 1993, hlm. 11.
- ↑ Sanders 1993, hlm. 11, 14.
- ↑ Dunn, James D. G. (2013). The Oral Gospel Tradition (ba li Inggris). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 290–291.
- ↑ Lafotöi eskatologia sambua waosatö bakha ba teologi samagölö fefu hadia zalua, ma abölö faudu, fefu hadia zi tola latötöna alua khöra ira Niha Keriso ba zi so föna ba gafuriata danö na tohare mangawuli Zo'aya ba wanguhuku niha sauri awö zi no mate.
- ↑ "anno Domini". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 2003. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 22 December 2007. Mufaigi me 3 November 2016.
Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of our Lord
. - ↑ 26,0 26,1 Sanders, E. P.; Pelikan, Jaroslav J. "Jesus Christ". Encyclopædia Britannica. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 3 May 2015. Mufaigi me 10 June 2015.
- ↑ Hare 1993, hlm. 11.
- ↑ Matthew 1:21.
- ↑ Doninger 1999, hlm. 212.
- ↑ Pannenberg 1968, hlm. 30–31.
- ↑ Bultmann, Rudolf K. (2007). Theology of the New Testament. Baylor University Press. hlm. 80. ISBN 978-1-932792-93-5.
- ↑ Templat:CathEncy
- ↑ Heil, John P. (2010). Philippians: Let Us Rejoice in Being Conformed to Christ. Society of Biblical Literature. hlm. 66. ISBN 978-1-58983-482-8. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 7 September 2015. Mufaigi me 14 August 2015.
- ↑ Vine 1940, hlm. 274–75.
- ↑ Faigi MozIII 8:10–12 ba MozII 30:29.
- ↑ Mills & Bullard 1998, hlm. 142.
- ↑ Lafotöi Injil kanonik zi öfa mbuku Injil si so bakha ba zura Gamabu'ulali Sibohou. So ösa injil tanöbö'ö simane injil Tomas, bahiza lö itema'ö ia Gereja tobali Injil resmi nifaogö bakha ba Zura Ni'amoni'ö.
- ↑ KorI 11:23–26
- ↑ Blomberg 2009, hlm. 441–42.
- ↑ Sifasala: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaFahlbusch52 - ↑ Evans 2003, hlm. 465–77.
- ↑ Bruce, Frederick F. (1988). The Book of the Acts. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 362. ISBN 978-0-8028-2505-6.
- ↑ Rausch 2003, hlm. 77.
- ↑ Evans 2003, hlm. 521–30.
- ↑ KorI 7:10-11, KorI 9:14, KorI 11:23-25, KorII 12:9.
- ↑ KorI 7:10-11; KorI 9:14-hafaza; KorI 11:23-25; KorII 12:9; faigi göi HalZin 20}35
- ↑ Powell, Mark A. (2009). Introducing the New Testament
. Baker Academic. hlm. 248. ISBN 978-0-8010-2868-7.
- ↑ Brown 1997, hlm. 835–40.
- ↑ Evans, C. A. (2008). Exploring the Origins of the Bible (ba li Inggris). Baker Academic. hlm. 154.
- ↑ Keener 2009, hlm. 56.
Sinura
bulö'ö- Hare, Douglas (1993). Matthew. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-23433-1.
- Blomberg, Craig L. (2009). Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8054-4482-7. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 8 October 2020. Mufaigi me 8 October 2020.
- Boring, M. Eugene; Craddock, Fred B. (2004). The People's New Testament Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-22754-8. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 4 January 2014. Mufaigi me 14 August 2015.
- Brown, Raymond E. (1977). The Birth of the Messiah: A Commentary on the Infancy Narratives in Matthew and Luke. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-05907-7.
- Brown, Raymond E. (1978). Mary in the New Testament. Paulist Press. ISBN 978-0-8091-2168-7. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 17 September 2014. Mufaigi me 14 August 2015.
- Brown, Raymond E. (1988). The Gospel and Epistles of John: A Concise Commentary. Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-1283-5.
- Brown, Raymond E. (1997). An Introduction to the New Testament. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-24767-2.
- Carter, Warren (2003). Pontius Pilate: Portraits of a Roman Governor. Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-5113-1. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 8 October 2020. Mufaigi me 8 October 2020.
- Chilton, Bruce; Evans, Craig A. (1998). Studying the Historical Jesus: Evaluations of the State of Current Research. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-11142-4. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 4 October 2020. Mufaigi me 8 October 2020.
- Cox, Steven L.; Easley, Kendell H (2007). Harmony of the Gospels. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8054-9444-0. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 8 October 2020. Mufaigi me 8 October 2020.
- Cross, Frank L.; Livingstone, E.A., ed. (2005). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 15 May 2019. Mufaigi me 8 October 2020.
- Crossan, John D.; Watts, Richard G. (1999). Who Is Jesus?: Answers to Your Questions About the Historical Jesus. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-25842-9.
- De Smet, Daniel (2016). "Les racines docétistes de l'imamologie shi'ite". Bakha Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali; De Cillis, Maria; De Smet, Daniel; Mir-Kasimov, Orkhan. L'Ésotérisme shi'ite, ses racines et ses prolongements – Shi'i Esotericism: Its Roots and Developments. Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Sciences Religieuses (ba li Prancis). 177. Turnhout: Brepols. hlm. 87–112. doi:10.1484/M.BEHE-EB.4.01163. ISBN 978-2-503-56874-4.
- Dickson, John (2008). Jesus: A Short Life. Kregel Publications. ISBN 978-0-8254-7802-4.
- Dillenberger, John (1999). Images and Relics: Theological Perceptions and Visual Images in Sixteenth-Century Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-976146-3.
- Donahue, John R.; Harrington, Daniel J. (2002). The Gospel of Mark. Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-5804-8. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 3 January 2014. Mufaigi me 8 October 2020.
- Doninger, Wendy (1999). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. Merriam-Webster. ISBN 978-0-87779-044-0.
- Dunn, James D.G. (2003). Jesus Remembered. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-3931-2.
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